Comprehending Down Syndrome

The Global Down Syndrome Foundation estimates that 6 million people worldwide are impacted by Down syndrome. Despite the fact that there is no treatment, children with this illness may live long, happy lives if they get the right supportive care. World Down Syndrome Day is observed on March 21. We spoke with specialists to learn more about the difficulties these individuals face, among other things.

A genetic disease called Down syndrome arises from aberrant cell division that results in an extra copy of chromosome 21, either fully or partially. The Down syndrome-related developmental abnormalities and physical traits are caused by this additional genetic material.

The statement “Down Syndrome manifests with varying severity among individuals, causing lifelong intellectual disability and developmental delays” is emphasized by Dr. M Rajini, Senior Consultant Gynecologist at CARE Hospitals. It is now the most prevalent genetic chromosomal condition and the main contributor to children’s cognitive impairments. It also often manifests as other medical anomalies, such as gastrointestinal and cardiac issues.

In terms of diagnosis, Dr. Rajini says that some tests may reveal if a woman is likely to give birth to a child who has Down syndrome. These tests, however, are unable to conclusively verify the condition.

A wide range of behavioral and emotional issues, such as attention problems, social disengagement, disobedience, compulsions, anxiety, sadness, stubbornness, impulsivity, and tantrums, may be caused by Down syndrome.

“Children with Down syndrome may experience delays in motor skills and speech, requiring assistance with activities of daily living such as dressing and grooming,” says Dr. Ahari Krishna, Consultant Children and Newborn Specialist at Renova Hospitals. Narrow nasal passages may cause respiratory problems for certain people and make them more vulnerable to respiratory infections. Blockage of the upper airway may cause sleep patterns to be disturbed, which can result in weariness, stress, and behavioral issues. Interventions such as tonsil and adenoid ectomy may be necessary for sleep apnea patients. While some people may need constant medical care, others have very normal lives.

He lists recurrent infections, congenital heart abnormalities, hearing loss, visual troubles, oral motor difficulties, hypotonia, sleep disorders, gastrointestinal problems, epilepsy, and childhood cancer as frequent health concerns faced by children with Down syndrome.

Comprehensive interdisciplinary care is part of the treatment. “A team of professionals is usually hired to offer medical treatment and enhance skill development for children with Down syndrome. Professionals like a primary care physician, pediatric cardiologist, gastroenterologist, endocrinologist, developmental pediatrician, neurologist, ENT specialist, ophthalmologist, audiologist, speech pathologist, physical therapist, and occupational therapist may be on this team, depending on the needs of the individual, according to Dr. M. Rajini.

Moreover, Dr. Rajini counsels parents to make critical choices about their child’s education and medical care. It is crucial to assemble a reliable group of teachers, therapists, and healthcare professionals. These experts can help assess accessible resources and clarify state and federal initiatives that support people with disabilities.