In India, the most frequent causes of community-acquired acute kidney damage are sepsis and tropical fever: study

According to a recent study published in The Lancet Regional Health-Southeast Asia journal, sepsis and tropical fever were shown to be the most prevalent causes of community-acquired acquired-acute kidney damage (CA-AKI) in India, wherein kidneys fail to filter waste from the blood.

Tropical fever is an illness that is specific to or common in tropical or subtropical locations, characterized by fever. Sepsis, on the other hand, refers to the presence of pus-forming bacteria or their toxins in the blood or tissues.

The research, which was conducted at nine tertiary care centers in India, also discovered that diabetes and hypertension were the most prevalent comorbidities among these CA-AKI patients.

The scientists noticed that sending CA-AKI patients to tertiary care centers was linked to a high death rate. The investigators were from the Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences in Uttar Pradesh and Madras Medical College in Tamil Nadu.

Furthermore, they discovered that a sizable portion of these individuals went on to get chronic kidney disease (CKD).

According to the researchers, the results highlighted the increased mortality risk associated with patients from the most disadvantaged socioeconomic categories, underscoring the need for prompt attention and focused treatments. According to earlier research, India and other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have a high prevalence of CA-AKI.

3,711 CA-AKI patients older than 12 who were hospitalized to the inpatient or emergency rooms of the collaborating hospitals were included in the research by the team. “AKI occurring outside the hospital setting – typically in the community or home setting” is how they described CA-AKI. The phrase “acute renal failure” was recently replaced with AKI.

In addition to gathering information on the participants’ risk factors and causes, comorbidities, complications, and patient outcomes, the researchers also created clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic profiles of the patients.

After AKI started, the team monitored each patient’s renal outcomes at discharge and one, three, and six months later. The results were categorized as either survivor or non-survivor.

After data analysis, they discovered that patients between the ages of 55 and 64 had the greatest frequency of AKI, and that women were more likely to present with stage 3 advanced AKI.

Hypertension (21.4%) was the most prevalent pre-existing comorbidity, followed by diabetes mellitus (19.1%), chronic liver disease (11.7%), and coronary artery disease (4.2%).

According to the study, individuals with hypertension and diabetes mellitus had a higher risk of developing stage 3 AKI.

The researchers discovered that, out of the 3,711 patients, 58.1% were rural residents and more than one-third routinely drank alcohol.

After doing statistical studies, the researchers discovered that low platelet count, poor socioeconomic level, alcohol misuse, hypertension, incapacity to pee, and older age (over 65) were “significant” predictors of death. They reported that the most impoverished group had a greater death risk among individuals with AKI.

“This research represents the biggest registry-based reporting of CA-AKI in India. Numerous locations that were typical of both urban and rural populations as well as significant tertiary care facilities from India’s west to east and north to south were included in the register, according to the researchers.